Administration of a vaccine prepared to immunize against an infection in various ways. 

A substance which enables the body to recognise an infection and thus provide immunity, administered to the body in various ways.

Research and Development (R&D) Phase: During this phase, antigens are developed that can be used in vaccine development against a specific microbe. Cell culture, microbiological cultures, recombinant DNA (rcDNA) technology, and computer modeling are the methods used for the development of a new vaccine.

Preclinical Studies (Phase 0): This phase involves the production of antigens and strains to be used in vaccines in accordance with the international standards of vaccine formulation development, in vitro experiments, and in vivo animal experiments. The immune response to the agent (antigen) is investigated by administering the vaccine candidate to experimental animals or humans in micro-doses.

Phases of Clinical Research: If a vaccine induces effective cellular and humoral immunity, have proven reliable, safe and have been developed as a prototype, the Phase 1, Phase 2, and Phase 3 clinical studies of the vaccines are completed. The licensing phase of these vaccines showing high quality, efficacy, and safety can be initiated.

Percentage of immunized individuals among the whole vaccinated population when used in the field under routine circumstances.

Protection potential of the vaccine against a disease when exposed to a disease-causing agent in controlled clinical trials. Usually reflected in the reduction of disease in a vaccinated group of people compared to an unvaccinated group. Expressed in percentages. 

An adverse effect caused by the vaccine. 

In order to monitor the temperature of the cold chain products (vaccines and antisera) in the warehouses and cabinets where the cold chain products (vaccines and antisera) are kept at all points and in the vehicles they are transported in an uninterrupted and regular manner in real time and to record, report, monitor from the relevant centers, and a system designed to alert the relevant parties when necessary, using appropriate methods (SMS, e-mail, call).

Vaccines containing mRNA or DNA of the antibody-producing antigenic structure of the target microorganism.

A glass-enclosed drug form prepared under sterile conditions, containing powder or the liquid active ingredient.

A vaccine containing a virus that carries the genetic material of the vaccine candidate microorganism.

A microorganism made of genetic material but no cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, and organelles. It can only reproduce inside the host cells and may cause disease in humans.

Empty virus shells without genetic material that mimic the structure of the virus causing the disease and ensure antibody production in the living organism they settle in.